Between training and teaching. Professors at the Escuela Superior de Niñas and Escuela Normal Veracruzana; from the 19th century to the first decades of the 20th century

Abstract

This work is part of the doctoral research process that is developed in the area of history of education of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (National Autonomous University of Mexico). The objective is to show the impact generated in the female community by the Escuela Superior de Niñas and the Escuela Normal del Estado, both established in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz, at the end of the nineteenth century. In this sense, we start from the changes and transformations towards a modern education, which would encourage the participation of women as a key piece for social construction, that is, instill the values and respect of the model citizen, therefore, among the jobs considered suitable “due to the qualities of their sex”, teaching was considered. In this way, the female presence appears in the classrooms, not only as a learner but also as a teacher. That was the case of seven women who were linked to the Escuela Superior de Niñas and the Escuela Normal Veracruzana, managing to distinguish themselves in the labor field as teachers and professors at the end of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th; likewise, we seek to identify their school instruction and subjects taught in both schools.